MD Formulations

Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor) is an academic degree for medical doctors. It varies between countries, from being an entry-level professional degree, to being a relatively rare higher doctoral research degree. more...

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Degree variations

Canada and United States

In the United States, the M.D. degree is the most common degree in Medicine. Medical doctors are trained in evidence-based Schools of Medicine and are regulated by the American Association of Medical Colleges. An M.D. is one of the two first professional degrees, either of which is required to practice medicine, the other being the D.O. degree (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine).

M.D.s and D.O.s have many similarities, and may function in similar ways, but there are some distinctions between the two. These distinctions are often difficult to see, however, due to the fact that both receive very similar medical training in basic medical sciences and many times complete their post-graduate residency training in the very same programs and hospitals. Both degrees require four years of medical school, and students must pass a series of national licensing exams in order to graduate. (see D.O. for more distinctions)

In Canada, the M.D. is the basic medical degree required to practice medicine; as well, in most provinces, the provincial college of physicians and surgeons grants practice rights to American-trained osteopathic physicians. There are no institutions in Canada that offer D.O. or comparable degrees; however, there are schools that train health practitioners in classical osteopathy.

The M.D. and D.O. degrees are first professional degrees, as opposed to a research doctorate such as the (Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D.). The U.S. Department of Education specifies that the M.D. and D.O. are first degrees, not graduate research degrees. Even though the degrees incorporate the term "Doctor", they are not research doctorates and are not equivalent to the Ph.D.

Before graduating a medical school and achieving the MD, students have to pass Step 1 and both parts of Step 2 of the United States Medical Licencing Examinations (USMLE) exam. The M.D. is typically earned in four years. Following the awarding of the M.D., physicians who wish to practice in the United States are required to undergo additional training in the form of a residency. Depending upon the physician's chosen field, residencies involve an additional three to seven years of training after obtaining the M.D.

The abbreviation "M.D." is frequently used post-nominally in the US, being put after the name as a title; however, it is also used on its own in informal writing, as an abbreviation for " doctor."

Commonwealth countries excluding Canada

In the United Kingdom and many other Commonwealth countries, the M.D. is a higher doctoral degree reserved for those who have contributed significantly to the academic study of medicine and surgery, respectively. An M.D. typically involves either a number of publications or a thesis, and is examined in a similar fashion to a Ph.D degree.

Read more at Wikipedia.org