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Travel, Trial Sizes
In legal parlance, a trial is an event in which parties to a dispute present information (in the form of evidence) in a formal setting, usually a court, before a judge, jury, or other designated finder of fact, in order to achieve a resolution to their dispute. more...
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Types of trial divided by the finder of fact
Where the trial is held solely before a judge, it is called a bench trial. Where the trial is held before a group of disinterested members of the community, it is called a jury trial. Bench trials involve fewer formalities, and are typically resolved faster. Furthermore, a favorable ruling for one party in a bench trial will frequently lead the other party to offer a settlement.
Hearings before administrative bodies may have many of the features of a trial before a court, but are typically not referred to as trials. An appellate proceeding is also generally not deemed a trial, because such proceedings are usually restricted to review of the evidence presented before the trial court, and do not permit the introduction of new evidence.
Types of trial divided by the type of dispute
Trials can also be divided by the type of dispute at issue.
Criminal trial
A criminal trial is designed to resolve accusations brought by the government against a person accused of a crime. In common law systems, most criminal defendants are entitled to a trial held before a jury.
Civil trial
A civil trial is generally held to settle a dispute between private parties (although the government can both sue and be sued in a civil capacity). Because the state is attempting to use its power to deprive the accused of life, liberty, or property, criminal defendants are afforded greater leeway to defend themselves than parties to a civil suit.
Administrative hearing
Although administrative hearings are not ordinarily considered trials, they retain many elements found in more \"formal\" trial settings, depending on the jurisdiction. The types of disputes handled in these hearings is goverened by administrative law.
Mistrials
A judge may cancel a trial prior to the return of a verdict; legal parlance designates this as a mistrial.
A judge may declare a mistrial due to:
The court determining that it lacks jurisdiction over a case,;
Evidence being admitted improperly,;
Misconduct by a party, juror, or an outside actor, if it prevents due process,;
A hung jury which cannot reach a verdict with the required degree of unanimity;
Disqualification of a juror after the jury is impanelled, if no alternate juror is available and the litigants do not agree to proceed with the remaining jurors.;
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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